A catalytic converter is a device used in the exhaust system of vehicles to reduce harmful emissions. Its main purpose is to convert toxic gases and pollutants produced by the engine into less harmful substances before they are released into the atmosphere. The three precious metals commonly used in catalytic converters are rhodium, palladium, and platinum.

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The converter works through a chemical reaction called catalysis, where the exhaust gases pass over a catalyst coated on a ceramic or metallic substrate. The catalyst contains the precious metals, which act as catalysts to facilitate the conversion of harmful pollutants. Rhodium, palladium, and platinum help break down and convert toxic gases such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC) into carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), and water vapor (H2O).

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By promoting these chemical reactions, catalytic converters play a crucial role in reducing air pollution and improving air quality. They help in the prevention of smog formation, respiratory problems, and damage to the environment. The use of rhodium, palladium, and platinum in catalytic converters enables efficient emission control in vehicles, leading to cleaner exhaust emissions and a more sustainable transportation system.